Rumination Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: A Mini Review

This review looks at literature surrounding rumination syndrome with a focus on neurotypical youth. Authors found higher prevalence in patients with other gastrointestinal (GI) issues. However, more studies are needed to better understand prevalence and define management strategies.

John Rosen, MD, Craig Friesen, MD, and Jennifer Schurman, PhD, et al. looked at studies published from Jan. 1, 2000 through June 30, 2021, and reported overall prevalence ranging from 0 to 9.7%, with greater likelihood in kids 4 years old or younger when compared across pediatric age groups.

While intragastric pressure varied across studies, authors noted that rumination involves the abdominal wall contracting unconsciously, resulting in movement of gastric contents upward through the esophagus.

Since rumination is frequently associated with other GI issues, it may share pathophysiology with other conditions. However, the cause of rumination syndrome is not well-defined in children.

The go-to treatment for rumination is diaphragmatic breathing, which authors say is believed to create a competing response to abdominal wall contractions. However, long-term efficacy has yet to be proven. Other techniques, such as sucking on peppermints or cognitive behavioral therapy, have not been evaluated in controlled trials for rumination.

Authors believe patients with rumination should be seen by an interdisciplinary team of medical providers who can analyze and address potential contributing factors, comorbidities, or relapse of symptoms as is common with rumination.

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